Control of Film Deposition

Superior Coatings for Production and R&D
The Model 650 CVD Diamond Deposition System combines proven hot-filament thermal reactor technology with advanced controls to produce superior polycrystalline diamond coatings. A multi-step (up to 58 discrete steps), recipe-driven controller ensures repeatable coatings with optimum characteristics in production, as well as a high degree of flexibility for developing coatings.
The proprietary (patented) filament assembly generates uniform energy distribution, operating at filament temperatures up to 2550°C and power levels up to 20W/cm². The deposition process is controlled by thermal management of both filament and substrate temperatures, in conjunction with closed-loop pressure and gas flow control. Substrate temperatures are measured by thermocouples below the substrates. Filament temperature is measured with a fixed-position, 2-color pyrometer.
The gas distribution assembly allows control of the gas flow patterns in and around both the filament assembly and the substrates to optimize deposition rates, as well as coating uniformity and quality. Adequate space is provided in the deposition chamber to avoid undesirable gas recombination at the chamber walls.
Changes in process step parameters and step times can be utilized to alter nucleation density, growth rate, grain size, and other characteristics to produce coatings with markedly different morphology (see photos opposite). Small-grain coatings can be produced for finish applications or wear surfaces. Large-grain, thick coatings can be produced for rough cutting or long-life tool applications. No hardware or software modifications are required to switch from one type of coating to another, merely the selection of a different recipe.
Each process can be tailored to provide the optimum coating for a given application, and this coating can be reproduced again and again. Precise computer control of the deposition process enables the Model 650 to be used very effectively in both R&D and production applications.
 

Controllable coating grain size:
These SEM photographs, taken at approximately the same magnification, show the difference in grain structure that is obtainable with the Model 650 CVD Reactor.

  Other process capabilities
These capabilities include conformal coatings in two or three dimensions, and varying levels of adhesion and nucleation density. Graded layer deposition may also be performed by alternating grain sizes in a multi-layer stack. (Patent nos. 6,063,149, 6,319,610, 6,533,831.)
The photo at left shows a multi-layered fine grain film with an overall thickness of 1 micron, composed of ten 100 nanometer layers.

 
Control of diamond film morphology
The ability to control the morphology of the deposited diamond film through the deposition supervisory program allows coatings to be tailored in thickness and smoothness to meet specific performance requirements.
The profilometry example at right shows the difference in surface smoothness for nanocrystalline and microcrystalline coatings deposited with the Model 650.
 

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OverviewReactor DescriptionApplications Film UniformitySpecifications